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스켑틱스/기타 주제
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| 파키스탄, 신성 모독 죄는 사형(04/01/25 모하마드 요우나스 석방 최종) |
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| 글쓴이 : kopsa
날짜 : 01-10-05 23:57
조회 : 5196
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파키스탄, 신성 모독 죄는 사형
(2004년 1월 25일 모하마드 요우나스 석방 최종)
==================
2004년 1월 25일 추가합니다. 신성 모독죄로 사형 선고를 받았던 파키스탄
의 모하마드 요우나스 샤이크(요우누스 샤이크)가 하급 법원에서 다시 재판을
받아 무죄로 석방되어 이미 유럽에 도착했다는 소식입니다. 아래 관련 소식
을 전한 RATIONALIST INTERNATIONAL Bulletin # 119 (24 January
2004)를 첨부합니다. 대단히 반가운 소식입니다. 그러나 이 경우 그의 신성
모독이 사실이 아닌 것으로 판정 났다는 것이지 신성 모독에 대한 사형 법
의 폐지를 의미하는 것은 아닌 것 같습니다. 그의 석방은 국제적인 합리주
의자의 노력과 무관하지 않을 것입니다.
..................
RATIONALIST INTERNATIONAL
Bulletin # 119 (24 January 2004)
Dr.Younus Shaikh is free and in safety!
This is a great moment! Rationalist International has received confirmed
information that our rationalist friend and colleague Dr. Younus Shaikh
has reached a safe haven in Europe!
The long fight for his life and freedom, in which thousands of
supporters and various organizations around the world have participated,
has finally been successful!
Sentenced to death in a made-up blasphemy trial in August 2001, Dr.
Shaikh was languishing in solitary confinement in one of the dreaded
death cells of Rawalpindi Central Jail for more than two years, before
the High Court, after a conflicting decision in the appeal trial, referred
the case back to the sessions court [Bulletin # 117].
The retrial took place in greatest secrecy and under heavy security in
the jail itself. Dr. Shaikh, who had personally overtaken his defense,
was acquitted and released. He dispensed with government provided
security guards and returned into the circle of his family and friends,
where he spent some weeks in hiding before secretly leaving Pakistan.
We feel great relief and happiness about this outcome and satisfaction
about the fact that the worldwide campaign for the rescue of Dr.
Shaikh has finally been successful. Among many forces inside and
outside Pakistan, friends and associates of Rationalist International have
vigorously contributed to this outcome. During the last three years, we
have again and again received copies of thousands of letters and
petitions from all over the world to the Government of Pakistan, calling
for Dr. Shaik's unconditional release and demanding adequate security
measures to protect his life in a country, where so many blasphemy
accused and acquitted have been murdered by religious fanatics.
The case of Dr. Shaikh is only the most publicized among hundreds of
blasphemy cases in Pakistan. The fight against the draconian
blasphemy law, the bloody weapon in the hands of religious
fundamentalists and unscrupulous forces acting in their shadow, has to
continue till this inhuman and antidemocratic law is abolished.
We express our great respect for the brave and courageous fighters at
this front inside Pakistan: the lawyers, who defended Dr. Shaikh and
are continuously defending other blasphemy accused at the risk of their
own lives, and the committed and courageous members of the
independent Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), without
whose silent support our common efforts may not have succeeded.
==================
2003년 12월 7일 추가합니다. 파키스탄에서 예언자 마호메트의 신성을 모
독했다는 죄로 2001년 8월 사형선고를 받은 모하마드 요우나스 샤이크
(파키스탄 신문에 이렇게 나와 있는데 요우누스 샤이크라고도 표기되고
있습니다)에 관한 내용을 게시한 적이 있습니다.
최근 모하마드 요우나스의 항소에 대한 상급 법원의 판결이 나왔는데 무죄
를 선고한 것도, 사형을 확인한 것도 아니며 다시 하급 법원으로 돌려보내
새로 재판을 할 것이라고 합니다. 그가 풀려날 것이라는 소문은 근거가 없
으며 어떻게 보면 재판 과정만 길어지지 않나 염려가 있습니다.
일반론적으로, 초정상에 대한 믿음(종교, 신앙)은 "과학과 이성"과 나란히
존재하는 인간의 모습을 구성하는 요소입니다. 인간에게서 이 믿음을 빼앗
는다면 이미 인간은 제 모습을 잃게 될 것입니다. 종교적 문제는 어떤 종
교든지(민속 종교를 포함하여) "과학과 이성"이 결핍된 신앙에 있지 않나
생각합니다. 우리 주위에서도 크고 작은 문제를 발견합니다.
....................
RATIONALIST INTERNATIONAL
Bulletin # 117 (6 December 2003)
Unexpected turn in the blasphemy case against Dr. Younus Shaikh
The case of our rationalist friend and colleague Dr. Younus Shaikh in
Pakistan, who has been sentenced to death for blasphemy on 18 August
2001, has taken a new and unexpected turn.
The Islamabad High Court has pronounced the long awaited judgment
in the appeal hearing. The judgment is conflicting. The two-member
bench could neither find common grounds for acquitting Dr. Shaikh, nor
for upholding the Sessions Court's death sentence.
According to Pakistan law, the case has therefore been referred back to
the Sessions Court. This means: the trial will be reopened and will
start again from the very beginning in the first court. For security
reasons, the new hearing will take place in Rawalpindi prison. So far,
there is no date given for the reopening.
Rumours recently making the rounds that Dr. Shaikh was free have
unfortunately turned out baseless. He is still in solitary confinement in
Adiala prison. Nobody except his lawyers and first-degree family
members is permitted to visit him there.
=====================
2001년 1월 17일 '스켑틱 뉴스'에 게시했던 Freethought Directory에 올라
있는 단체 설명을 삭제하고 신성 모독 죄로 사형선고를 받은 파키스탄의
합리주의자 Dr. Shaikh Mohammad Younas에 관한 내용을 중심으로 소개
합니다.
모하마드 요우나스 (각 매체마다 성(姓) 표기가 다른데 파키스탄 신문에
의하면 이것이 姓으로 보입니다) 문제는 합리주의자(Rationalist)뿐만 아니
라 Secular Humanist, Free Thinker, Atheist, Skeptic 단체 등의 관심사입
니다.
특히 'RATIONALIST INTERNATIONAL'에서 구명운동을 펴고 있는데
이는 모하마드 요우나스가 합리주의자이기 때문입니다. 그리고 그가 설립
한 '계몽'(The Enlightenment)이라는 단체는 Secular Humanism 과 관련이
있으므로 관련 단체에서 관심을 가질 것이 분명합니다.
이들은 파키스탄 대통령에게 "어떤 문명 사회에서건 자신의 의견을 자유로
이 표현함은 모든 사람들의 권리이며 파키스탄이 열린 다원론적 사회가 되
기를 바란다"고 강조할 것을 권합니다. 대통령이 중재자가 되어 모하마드
요우나스가 석방되도록 하려는 노력의 일환입니다. 세계 각 처에서 항의
집회도 열고 있습니다.
모하마드 요우나스가 누구이며 무슨 죄를 범했을까요? 그는 영국에서 수학
한 의사로, 파키스탄과 아일랜드에서 의사 생활을 했고, '남아시아 평화운
동'(South Asia Peace Movement)의 회원이라고 합니다. 이런 연유로 파키
스탄 이슬라마바드에 있는 Capital Homoeopathic College에서 생리학 강의
를 맡았다고 합니다. 전임 교수는 아닙니다.
그런데 2000년 10월 강의 시간에 기원 7세기 이슬람국가가 되기 전 아라비
아에서 광범위하게 행해지던 의료행위를 말하는 가운데 "마호메트는 40세
가 될 때까지 이슬람(교도)이 아니었고, 그때까지 할레를 하지 않았고, 그
의 부모도 이슬람이 아니었다"라고 말했다고 합니다.
이 말을 들은 학생들이 이슬람 지도자에게 알려 경찰이 그를 구속하기에
이른 것입니다. 마호메트(Prophet Muhammad)에 대한 신성 모독에 해당하
는 법 위반으로 판결되어 2001년 8월 하급법원에서 사형선고를 받았고 현
재 상고중입니다. 모하마드 요우나스는 살아날 가능성이 없는 것일까요?
파키스탄에서 신성모독은 사형으로 규정되었으나 탈리반 유형의 정권을 파
키스탄에 세우고자 하는 이슬람 극단주의자들이 내 세우고 있을 뿐 실제
법률 전문가들은 이를 애매하고 결함이 있는 법이라고 보고 있다고 합니
다. 실제 모하마드 요우나스는 신실한 이슬람이라고 합니다.
그는 자신은 마호메트에 대해 신성 모독을 저지르는 것은 상상도 할 수 없
으며 그의 말이 전후 문맥은 생략한 채 잘 못 이해됐다고 합니다. 당시 학
생들은 음모와 겨드랑이 털을 면도하는 데 대해 질문을 했는데, 그는 알라
계시의 영광을 기술하기 위해 이슬람이 전해지기 전 아랍인은 이러한 관행
이 없었다고 말했다고 합니다.
이상은 아래 첨부한 영국 신문(The Times)의 내용입니다. 그 밑에는 파키
스탄 신문 기사를 첨부하였습니다. 이들 기사만으로는 예언자 마호메트에
대한 신성모독에 대해 자세한 것은 알 수 없습니다.
다만 기독교의 하나님, 성경, 예수 그리스도의 관계가 이슬람에서는 알라,
코란, 마호메트이며 실존 인물로서의 예수 그리스도에 관한 비판이 있는
것과 마찬가지로 마호메트에 대한 비판이 있을 수 있습니다. 이런 문제 등
분석은 Secular Humanism (http://www.secularhumanism.org)에서 다루
는데, 모하마드 요우나스가 이 단체와 관련을 가졌다는 점에서 실제의 마
호메트에 대해 무엇인가 말을 했을지도 모른다는 생각을 하게 합니다.
아시는지 모르나 CSICOP 회장 폴 커츠는 Secular Humanism의 창립자입
니다. 그는 최근 Secular Humanism의 공식적 견해가 아닌 사적인 견해로
미국 테러에 대한 입장을 표명하였습니다. 그는 이를 종교적 갈등으로 이
해하고 미국이 조심성과 신중함을 가져야 한다고 했습니다. 테러는 근절돼야
하며 테러범은 처벌돼야 하지만 이를 미국의 보복 전쟁이 아니라 국제적인
노력으로, 예를 들어 UN의 주도 하에 해결해야 한다고 했습니다.
이것보다 종교적 과도한 주장과 갈등은 지금 우리 생활주위에서도 일어나고
있습니다. 종교인의 각성이 필요하다고 생각합니다.
...............................................
The Times (UK)
MONDAY AUGUST 20 2001
'Blasphemy' doctor is sentenced to death
FROM ZAHID HUSSAIN IN ISLAMABAD
A MUSLIM medical professor has been sentenced to death after a
Pakistani court convicted him of blasphemy.
Mohammed Younus Shaikh, a physiology professor at the Capital
Homoeopathic College in Islamabad, was arrested last October after
being accused by his students of making sacrilegious remarks about the
Prophet Muhammad during a lecture.
Dr Shaikh, who is being held in Rawalpindi Adial jail, had denied the
charge.
Announcing the verdict, Safdar Hussain Malik, a Rawalpindi lower court
judge, said that the professor deserved to be hanged for making
derogatory remarks about Muhammad. He was also fined ?,000.
The sentence was read to Dr Shaikh at Adial jail. He can appeal to a
higher court.
Under Pakistan blasphemy law the death sentence is mandatory for
those found guilty of making remarks against Islam or Muhammad.
Human rights groups say that the law has been misused by Islamic
zealots to persecute religious minorities and liberal Muslims.
Many accused of the offence have been killed by zealots even after
being acquitted. So far none has been hanged by order of a court.
Hundreds of people, mostly non-Muslims, are facing trial on blasphemy
charges.
The remarks attributed to Dr Shaikh were made during a physiology
lecture in which he was said to have discussed practices prevalent in
preIslamic, 7th-century Arabia. According to the charge framed by the
police, the professor had stated that Muhammad was a nonMuslim until
the age of 40; that he was not circumcised until then; and that his
parents were not Muslims.
He was also said to have made reference to certain customs of the day
such as circumcision and removal of underarm hair. Police arrested the
professor after a complaint filed by a leader of a Islamic religious group
who was said to have been approached by some students of the
college. Local Islamic zealots demanded the death penalty and vowed to
kill the professor if the court acquitted him.
Human rights groups have criticised the conviction, saying that the
professor is a victim of extremism and zealotry. Well-respected in the
medical profession, Dr Shaikh has practised medicine in Pakistan and
Ireland and has been an active member of the South Asia Peace
Movement. Because of his outstanding record of professional and
humanitarian service he was asked to join the homoeopathic college as
a part-time teacher. He was dismissed after being arrested.
According to some students and teachers at the college, Dr Shaikh is a
devout Muslim who prays regularly and has a thorough knowledge of
the Koran. In a recent interview he declared from his prison cell that
he was a deeply religious man and could not even imagine blaspheming
against the Prophet Muhammad and that his remarks had been taken
out of context.
My students asked me about the shaving of pubic and armpit hair and
I, in describing the glory of Allah revelations, said that before the
arrival of Islam, the Arabs did not have these practices ?and truly they
did not,?he said.
The blasphemy law has been used by mullahs and Islamic zealots who
are striving to establish a Taleban-style government in Pakistan. Most
legal experts maintain that the law is vague and defective.
The bigotry and intolerance that is ravaging Pakistani society has
become a matter of a deep concern to some Pakistani Muslims. 밫he
law ostensibly designed to ensure respect for the Holy Prophet of Islam
has become, in the hands of unscrupulous men, a weapon of oppression
and even a weapon for settling petty scores,?I. A. Rehman, director of
the independent Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, said.
Even the mentally ill have not been spared by the zealots. One person
under sentence of death was Muhammad Arshad Javed, who was said
to have proclaimed that he was Christ. He was later transferred to a
mental hospital.
...........................
The DAWN (Pakistan)
Sentenced to death for blasphemy
By Our Staff Reporter
ISLAMABAD, Aug 18: The Additional District and Sessions Judge,
Islamabad, Safdar Hussain Malik, on Saturday awarded death sentence
to Dr Mohammad Younas, a lecturer of a local homoeopathic college, on
blasphemy charge. Prosecutor Syed Mohammad Tayyab advocate told
Dawn that the judgment was announced at 4:30pm in the Adiyala jail
on Saturday.
The accused, Dr Shaikh Mohammad Younas, was convicted under
Section 295(c) of the PPC which prescribes death sentence if charges of
blasphemy are proved along with a fine. A fine of Rs100,000 was also
imposed on Dr Younas.
The Section 295(c) was added to the Pakistan Penal Code in 1986
which provided that whoever made derogatory remarks in respect of the
Holy Prophet (PBUH) "by words either spoken, or written, or by visible
representation, or by any imputation, innuendo or insinuation, directly or
indirectly, defiles the sacred name of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH),
shall be punished with death or imprisonment for life, and shall also be
liable to fine."
The Section 295(c), however, was amended in 1992 by the Nawaz
Sharif government because of the pressure of the religious
organizations, deleting the proviso under which life imprisonment could
also be awarded.
A leader of the Majlis-i-Tahafuz-i-Khatam-i-Nabuwat, Maulana Abdur
Rauf, had reported to the Margalla police station on Oct 2, 2000, that
Dr Mohammad Younas, while delivering a lecture at the Islamabad
Homoeopathic College, G-9, Islamabad, had made blasphemous remarks.
He said a group of students had lodged a complaint with him in this
regard.
The accused was arrested immediately and detained at the Adiyala Jail
since then. The accused denied the charge and submitted before the
court a written statement declaring that he had full faith in Islam and
could not even think of committing blasphemy. After conducting
hearings in the open court for some time, the court later decided to
start hearing in the jail premises, fearing a violent reaction as a
number of religious leaders and activists of religo-political parties were
tending the hearings.
.......................
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