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°úÇÐÀû, ºñ°úÇÐÀû ÀÇÇÐ
   
  ¾à»çȸ¿Í ÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ ÀǽÄ, ±×¸®°í ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú ó¹æ ¿À·ù
  ±Û¾´ÀÌ : kopsa     ³¯Â¥ : 02-04-12 21:26     Á¶È¸ : 5893    
¾à»çȸ¿Í ÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ ÀǽÄ, ±×¸®°í ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú ó¹æ ¿À·ù

ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ÀÇ»ç¿Í ¾à»ç°£ÀÇ ÀǾàºÐ¾÷¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýÇÑ ÀÌÇØ ³íÀï°ú´Â °ü·ÃÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Õ¼­ °Ô½ÃÇÑ ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ "Àǻ缱»ý´ÔÀÌ Ã³¹æÇÑ ´ë·Î ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ¾àÀ» Á¦´ë·Î Áö¾ú´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏÁÒ?"¶ó´Â ±¤°í°¡ °è±â°¡ µÅ¼­ Àû´Â °ÍÀº Ʋ¸²¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

1. ´ëÇѾà»çȸ

ÀÌ°÷ °Ô½ÃÆÇ¿¡´Â ÇÑÀÇ»ç¿Í ¾à»ç°£ÀÇ ÇÑ¾à ºÐÀï ½Ã¿¡ ½Å¹®¿¡ °ÔÀçµÆ´ø °­¹Ú»çÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇѾà»çȸ¿Í ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ ½Å¹®¿¡ ½Ç·È´ø ±Ûµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °­¹Ú»ç´Â ±× ÀÌÀü¿¡µµ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ¾à»çµéÀÌ ÇѾàÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹ßÀüÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ßÇظ¦ Ç¥¸íÇß½À´Ï´Ù.

±×·¸´Ù°í ´ëÇѾà»çȸ¿¡¼­ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ´Ù¸£´Ù°í °­¹Ú»ç¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇѾà»çȸÀÇ °ø½Ä ½Å¹®ÀÎ ¾à»ç°ø·Ð¿¡¼­´Â ±× ÈÄ¿¡µµ, ¿¹¸¦  µé¾î ÀÌ°÷ '°úÇÐÀû, ºñ°úÇÐÀû ÀÇÇÐ'(99/10/23)¿¡  °Ô½ÃµÈ '21¼¼±â ¾à»ç'¶ó´Â ±ÛÀ» ûŹÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ ±ÛÀº 1996³â ½Å³â ƯÁýÀÇ ÃÑ·ÐÀ¸·Î ½Ç·È½À´Ï´Ù.

°­¹Ú»ç´Â ¾àÇдëÇÐÀ» ³ª¿Í ¾à»ç¸éÇ㸦 °®°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±× ¸éÇ㸦 »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾à»ç Á÷´É¿¡ Á¾»çÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾à»çÀÇ Á÷´É°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ­, ƯÈ÷ ±³À°°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº »ý°¢À» ÇØ º» »ç¶÷ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 1980³â´ë ÃʺÎÅÍ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ±Û, ½Å¹®¿¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ½è°í ÀϺΠÀÌÇØ°¡ °³ÀÔµÈ ÃøÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ë°ñÀûÀÎ ºñ³­À» ¹Þ±âµµ ÇßÁö¸¸ ¾à»ç °ü·Ã ½Å¹®ÀÇ ÁÖ°£À̳ª ÆíÁý±¹ÀåÀº °­¹Ú»çÀÇ °ßÇظ¦ ¹ßÀüÀûÀ̶ó°í º¸¾Ò´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

2. ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸ

ÀϺΠ°³±¹ ¾à»çµéÀº ÀÌÇØ°¡ °³ÀÔµÈ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °¨Á¤ÀûÀÌ°í Àúµ¹ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ Àû¾îµµ ¾à»ç °ü·Ã ÁßÁø ÀλçµéÀº ¾ç½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â Á¡À» ¸»ÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ»çȸµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀǾàºÐ¾÷ÀÇ ´ëüÁ¶Á¦ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÌ°÷ °Ô½ÃÆÇ 'Áú¹®/´ä'(01/01/17) 'ÀÇ´ë»ý, ¾àÈ¿ µ¿µî¼ºÀ» ´ãº¸ ¸øÇÏ´Â ´ëüÁ¶Á¦'¿¡ ÀûÇô ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± »ó½ÄÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀïÁ¡ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù.

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Àǻ簡 ó¹æÀüÀ» µÎ Àå ¹ßÇàÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ³í¶õÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±× µ¿¾È ÀǾàºÐ¾÷¿¡ º°·Î °ü½ÉÀ» µÎÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ±èÁø¸¸ÀÌ (Á¤½Å ÀÌ»ó ¾ÆÀÌÀÔ´Ï´Ù) ¾à»ç °­°ÇÀϾ¾ Çϸç ÀÌ»óÇÑ ºñ¹æÀ» Àû¾î 'Åä·Ð ¹æ¹ý'¿¡ ÀǾàºÐ¾÷°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ±èÁø¸¸ÀÇ ±ÛÀ» °Ô½ÃÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ´ëÀÚº¸¿¡¼­ ±èÁø¸¸ÀÌ Ã³¹æÀü µÎ ÀåÀÌ ¾î¶»´Ù°í ÇÑ ±ÛÀ»  ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿© ³»¿ëÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ó¹æÀü µÎ ÀåÀ̾߸»·Î ¹®Á¦Á¶Â÷ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ "Àǻ缱»ý´ÔÀÌ Ã³¹æÇÑ ´ë·Î ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ¾àÀ» Á¦´ë·Î Áö¾ú´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏÁÒ?"¶ó´Â ½Ä ±¤°í¸¦ º¸°í ó¹æÀü°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡, ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ ÁýÇàºÎ°¡ Áö±ØÈ÷ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀ̶ó°í ÆÇ´ÜÇß½À´Ï´Ù.   

3. ±Ùº»¿¡ ÀÔ°¢Çؾß

°­¹Ú»ç´Â ´ëÇÐÀ» ¶°³ª¼­µµ ´ëÇѾà»çȸ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áö¿ª ¾à»çȸ·ÎºÎÅÍ ±Û ûŹÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ÇѾàÀ̳ª ´ëüÀÇÇÐÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ±ÛÀ» ¾µ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ÅÍÀε¥µµ ±ÛÀ» ûŹÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¹«¾ùÀϱî¿ä? Ç×»ó ¾à»çÀÇ Á÷´ÉÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÇÑ°¡Áö·Î Áý¾àµÈ´Ù´Â Á¡À» °­Á¶Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯±â À§ÇØ °úÇмºÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÀÌ·± Àú·± ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. À̵éÀº »ó¹ÝµÈ ÀÌÇØ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °­¹Ú»ç°¡ ¿Ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ¸»À» µéÀ¸·Á°í ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 
   
ÀÇ»çÀÇ ±Ùº»µµ ¸»ÇÒ ÇÊ¿äµµ ¾øÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÇÑ °¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±× ±Ùº»À» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä? Æò¼Ò ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎÁö¸¦ º¸¸é ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àǻ簡 ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷´ÉÀÌ Áø´Ü°ú ó¹æÀÓ¿¡µµ ¾à»çÀÇ Á÷´ÉÀÎ Á¶Á¦¸¦, ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ¿© ¹«½¼ À̵æÀ» ÃëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÕ¸®¼º°ú´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ù´Ï´Ù. Áý´ÜÀ̱â¶ó°í ±³°ú¼­¿¡ ½Ç·È´Ù°í ÀÇ»ç 1ÀÎ´ç ¾ó¸¶¾¿ ÇÏ¿© ¸î Á¶Àΰ¡ ¸í¿¹ ÈÑ¼Õ ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ°Ú´Ù´Â °Íµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÏ´Â ±Ùº»À» Ãß±¸ÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Æ¹«µµ ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Í ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¾à»çµé¿¡°Ô ±Ùº»À» °­Á¶ÇÑ °ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¾à»çȸ °ü·Ã ÀâÁö¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº ±×·± ±ÛµéÀ» º¸¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ¾à»çȸ ȸÀåÀ̳ª ±³¼ö°¡ ¾à»çµé¿¡°Ô °­Á¶Çϸç Á¤Ã¥ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á¸°æ¹Þ´Â ¾à»ç°¡ µÇ´Â ±æÀÌ¸ç °á±¹ ¾à»çÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû È°µ¿À» º¸ÀåÇØ ÁÖ´Â È®½ÇÇÑ ±æÀ̶ó´Â ÀÌÄ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾à»çµéµµ ÀÌ¿¡ µ¿°¨ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

Àǻ絵 ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸ ȸÀåÀ̳ª ÀÇ´ë ±³¼öµéÀº ÀÇ»çµé¿¡°Ô ¹Ù¸¥ ±æÀ» ¸»ÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȯÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±æÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¿¡¼­ Ãâ¹ßÇÑ ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â ¿µ¸®Àû À̵æÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÇ»ç¶ó´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ Á÷´ÉÀ» À§ÇÑ È®½ÇÇÑ ±æ ¸» ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À̵éÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±æÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ¼³µæÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÛ±Ý ÀÇ»çÇùȸ ÁýÇàºÎÀÇ ±¤°í¿Í ¼º¸í¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ±×Àú °Å¸®¿¡¼­µµ ÈçÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº õÇÑ Àΰ£°ú ´Ù¸§¾ø´Â ÀǽÄÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

4. ½º½º·Î ³ë·ÂÇؾß
 
¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ ÀûÁö¸¸ "Àǻ缱»ý´ÔÀÌ Ã³¹æÇÑ ´ë·Î ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ¾àÀ» Á¦´ë·Î Áö¾ú´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏÁÒ?"¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ±¤°í¸¦ »ó»óµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦´ë·Î µÈ ÀÇ»çȸ¶ó¸é "¿ì¸®ÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú ó¹æ¿¡ ¿À·ù°¡ ¾ø´Â°¡?"¶ó°í Ç×»ó °ÆÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷´ÉÀ» ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ´Üü°¡ ÀÌ·¸µí ³²ÀÇ Á÷´ÉÀ» ¿åÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¸®°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± ´Üü´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á÷´Éµµ Á¦´ë·Î ¼öÇàÇÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ºÁµµ Ʋ¸²¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

°ú¿¬ ±×·¯ÇÑÁö ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú ó¹æÀ» »ìÆ캾½Ã´Ù. 2³âÀü Âë °­¹Ú»ç´Â ½ÉÇÑ ÇϺ¹ºÎ ÅëÁõ ¶§¹®¿¡ »õº® 2½Ã¿¡ Á¾ÇÕº´¿ø ÀÀ±Þ½Ç¿¡ °£ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀú°Í ÃÔ¿µÇÏ°í´Â ³»°úÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦ÀÎ °Í °°´Ù°í ÇÏ¸ç ´çÁ÷ ³»°ú ½ºÅÇ Àǻ縦 ºÎ¸£´õ±º¿ä. ±×´Â À§Àå °æ·ÃÀ̶ó°í Áø´ÜÇÏ°í´Â °üÀå µîÀ» Çϵµ·Ï Çß½À´Ï´Ù.

ÅëÁõÀÌ Á¶±Ý ³ªÀº °Í °°¾Æ ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ¾Æħ 10½ÃºÎÅÍ ½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ƴµ¥, °á±¹ ¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷À» ÅëÇØ ¼Ò°³¹ÞÀº Àü¹® Áø´Ü(?)ÀÇ¿øÀ¸·Î °¬½À´Ï´Ù. Áï½Ã ¿ä·Î °á¼®À̶ó°í ÇÏ´õ±º¿ä. ±×°÷ ¼Ò°³·Î ±Ùó Á¾ÇÕº´¿ø ºñ´¢±â°ú·Î °¡¼­ ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ¼ö¼úÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÃÊÀ½ÆÄ·Î °á¼®À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¤»óÀÌ µÆ½À´Ï´Ù. 

ÀÌ°ÍÀú°Í ÷´Ü Á¾ÇÕº´¿ø¿¡¼­ ÷´Ü ÀåÄ¡·Î Âï°íµµ Ʋ¸° Áø´ÜÀ» ³»¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ Çö½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áø´ÜÀ» ³»¸± ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç½ÇÀº ºÎÁÖÀÇ, Á¤½Å»óÅ  ¶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í º´¿øÀÇ, ÀÇ»çµéÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °­¹Ú»ç°¡ °ÞÀº ÇÑ°¡ÁöÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± Àú·± ¹®Á¦ ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹À» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ»çµéÀº ¾à»ç°¡ ¾î¶»´Ù°í ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½º½º·Î ³ë·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
 
5. ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø´Ü, ó¹æ ¿À·ù°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ½ÉÇÑ°¡?

ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø´Ü, ó¹æ ¿À·ù°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ½É°¢ÇÒ±î? 2001³â 8¿ù ¹Ì±¹ ABC ¹æ¼Û »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ ½Ç¸° ±â»ç Çϳª¸¦ ¿¹·Î µì´Ï´Ù. ¿ø¹®À» ¹Ø¿¡ ÷ºÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Èï¹Ì ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ Á¶»ç °á°ú¸¦ ³½ ¹Ì±¹ ȯÀÚ ¾ÈÀü Àç´Ü(National Patient Safety Foundation, NPSF)Àº ¹Ì±¹ ÀÇ»çÇùȸ(AMA)°¡ 2001³â »õ·Î ¼¼¿î ±â±¸¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. AMAÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±â Çâ»ó ³ë·ÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù.  ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸ¿Í´Â ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ ÀǽÄÀ» °¡Á³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 

À̵éÀÌ Á¶»çÇÏ¿© °øÇ¥ÇÑ ÀÇ»çÀÇ ¿À·ù ¹®Á¦´Â ³î¶ø½À´Ï´Ù. 1,500¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Á¶»çÇÑ °á°ú ±× Áß 42%°¡ ÀÇ»çÀÇ ¿À·ù¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼Â Áß Çϳª¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¿À·ù°¡ ȯÀÚÀÇ °Ç°­¿¡ ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ¸·Î Çظ¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ¸»µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À·ù¸¦ ³ª´©¸é, 40%´Â À߸øµÈ Áø´Ü°ú À߸øµÈ óġÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Õ¼­ °­¹Ú»çÀÇ ¿ä·Î °á¼® ¹®Á¦¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À߸øµÈ ó¹æÀº 28%ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÇ»çÀÇ Ã³¹æ °ú½ÇÀ» ¾à»ç°¡ º¸¿ÏÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ ¾àÇÐÀÇ ¹æÇâÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í 22%´Â ÀÇ·á ÀýÂ÷»óÀÇ »ç¼ÒÇÑ ¿À·ù¶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¿À·ù°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ºÎÁÖÀÇ, ÈÆ·Ã ºÎÁ· µîµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÇ·á ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î º¼ °Íµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀÇ»çµéÀÌ È¯ÀÚ °ü¸® ¶Ç´Â ÀǾàÇ° Á¤º¸½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» Àß È°¿ëÇϸé ó¹æ ¿À·ù¸¦ ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©ÇÏÆ° ÀÇ»çÀÇ ¿À·ù¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¼Ò¼ÛÀ» È°¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÇ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ÅëÁ¦µµ ¹æ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù. º´¿øÀÇ ¼¼±Õ °¨¿°ÀÌ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦¿¡ ¼ÓÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹üÇÏ´Â º´¿ø(ÀÇ»ç)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ Á¶Ã³µµ
ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ·± »À¸¦ ±ð´Â Àڱ⠼ºÂû°ú ³ë·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­¸¸ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â Á¸°æ°ú °æÁ¦Àû ±ÞºÎ¸¦ º¸Àå¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ Çѱ¹ ÀÇ»çÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌ "Àǻ缱»ý´ÔÀÌ Ã³¹æÇÑ ´ë·Î ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ¾àÀ» Á¦´ë·Î Áö¾ú´ÂÁö ¾î¶»°Ô È®ÀÎÇÏÁÒ?"ÀԴϱî?  Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¾î´À Á÷´É ´Üü¿¡µµ À¯·Ê°¡ ¾ø´Â ÇൿÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºñ¿­ÇÔ°ú õ¹ÚÇÔÀÌ µå·¯³­ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇÑÀÇ»çÇùȸÀÇ ÁýÇàºÎ¸¦ ±³Ã¼ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 

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August 27, 2001
 
Medical Mistakes Affect Many
Poll Finds Widespread Error

By Claudine Chamberlain

Beyond the nightmarish tales of doctors amputating the wrong leg, or leaving some surgical tool inside a patient, there lies a pervasive and real concern among patients that doctors don't always do the right thing. 
 
A new poll from the nonprofit National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) finds that 42 percent of people say they've been affected by physician errors, either directly or through a friend or relative. If the survey of roughly 1,500 people accurately represents the general public, it could mean that more than 100 million Americans have experience with medical mistakes.

More alarming, according to the survey, is the fact that in one out of three cases the error permanently harmed the patient's health.  The problem, said Dr. Lucian Leape of the Harvard School of Public Health, is not incompetence. "Bad doctors are 1 percent of the problem at most," he said at a press conference Thursday. "The rest of it is just good people who make mistakes."

Wrong Diagnosis, Treatment

Leape is a board member of the NPSF, which was founded by the American Medical Association in June of this year to improve health care safety. AMA leaders say it's time to bring the issue out into the open, rather than living in constant fear that any admission of error will launch a flood of malpractice lawsuits.

Leape's own research has shown that the tally of medical mistakes made each year could reach 3 million, with total costs as high as $200 billion.

The survey found that 40 percent of the people who had experienced a medical mistake pointed to misdiagnoses and wrong treatments as the problem. Medication errors accounted for 28 percent of mistakes. And 22 percent of respondents reported slip-ups during medical procedures. Half of the errors occurred in hospitals, and 22 percent in doctors' offices.

What Causes Errors

When asked what may have caused their doctors to make such errors, patients cited carelessness, stress, faulty training and bad communication. Three out of four believe the best solution to the problem would be to bar health care workers with bad track records.

But Leape disagreed, arguing that punishment simply encourages people to cover up their errors. "We need to shift emphasis away from individuals," he said. "Errors are not the disease, they're the symptoms of the disease."

Instead, he said, poorly designed health care systems may be largely to blame. Doctors and nurses often work double shifts, making them more prone to error. And in this age of computer technology, Leape noted, the hand-written drug prescription should be a relic of the past.

In fact, prescription errors may be among the easiest to avoid. Within five years, most hospitals, clinics and pharmacies should be using computerized drug tracking programs that allow a doctor or pharmacist to know exactly what drug is being called for. Bad penmanship should not be a risk factor for patients.

Changes in Anesthesiology

Such a system would also keep track of other drugs a patient is taking, and raise a red flag at the risk of dangerous drug interactions. It would also alert the doctor if a patient was allergic or sensitive to medications.

California anesthesiologist David Gaba told ABC News that in the last 10 years, his field has become an example of what can be done. Medical students regularly practice anesthesia on electronic mannequins, honing their skills before they administer drugs to patients.

There are also new checklists, safety procedures, dosage meters and other safeguards, Gaba says. The result is that anesthesia has gone from being a high-risk specialty in terms of liability to being about average.

Other Survey Findings:

Lawsuits against doctors who make mistakes (29 percent) and stricter government control of health care (27 percent) were cited as "very effective" ways to ensure safety.
 
The health care environment was deemed safer than nuclear power or food handling, but less safe than traveling on an airplane or being at work. Top patient-safety issues were exposure to infection, level of care received and the credentials of health care professionals.
 
People feel they're most likely to experience medical mistakes at a nursing home, and least likely to see them at the doctor's office or at a pharmacy.

Riskiest patient behaviors were not carrying a medical ID tag when you have a medical condition and smoking tobacco.

Four out of five adults said they were very likely to seek a second opinion on a serious medical diagnosis.

Four out of five adults were satisfied with their most recent health care experience, but 18 percent said the health care worker didn't spend enough time with them, and 17 percent said they didn't get all the information they needed.

More people prefer to receive information about the risks and benefits of treatment in written (63 percent) than verbal form (52 percent). 

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