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yskwon@yna.co.kr

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CNN.COM
Thursday, September 25, 2003 Posted: 1336 GMT ( 9:36 PM HKT)

HONG KONG (Reuters) -- Hong Kong hospitals will use the HIV drug
Kaletra together with ribavirin to treat SARS patients if the territory is
hit by a second wave of the deadly disease, its hospital chief said on
Thursday.

Experts have warned that the disease could return during the winter
months and countries in the region are arming themselves with drugs
and elaborate contingency plans for what may be another onslaught of
the disease.

Hospital Authority chief William Ho said an analysis of the treatments
given to all SARS patients in Hong Kong showed that a small group
given both Kaletra and ribavirin had a significantly lower death rate
than those given only ribavirin.

Those who were administered both drugs also needed lower dosages of
steriods, he added.

"Only ribavirin may not be useful but both ribavirin and kaletra look
more promising," Ho told a news conference.

"If SARS comes, all hospitals will cooperate and use what's believed to
be the best treatment protocol."

Hong Kong used a cocktail of the drug ribavirin and steroids to treat
the bulk of its nearly 1,800 SARS patients earlier this year, but experts
elsewhere have repeatedly questioned the use of ribavirin, saying it was
ineffective.

Nearly 300 SARS patients in Hong Kong died of the disease, which
killed more than 800 people in total worldwide.

While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, drugs like Kaletra can keep the
virus at bay for years. They interrupt the life cycle of HIV by blocking
enzymes used by the virus to replicate after it enters healthy human
immune cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome first surfaced in southern China late
last year. The virus spread to Hong Kong in February and onward to
about 30 countries soon after.

Copyright 2003 Reuters. All rights reserved.
   
.....................
*÷ºÎ 4

Treatment for SARS promising
Combination of drugs sped patients' recovery in Toronto test

By Scripps Howard News Service
September 21, 2003

A drug cocktail shows promise in the treatment of SARS, according to
the results of a small Canadian study.

Patients given a combination of interferon and steroid medications
showed quicker improvement in lung function than those who received
only steroids. They were weaned off oxygen about a week sooner than
patients who did not receive the combination therapy.
 
The study was carried out on 19 patients in Toronto this year during
the city's second outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome.

"The data is encouraging, but it is not definitive," said one of the
researchers, Dr. Mario Ostrowski, a physician at St. Michael's Hospital
in Toronto.

Even so, the results are promising enough that researchers hope to do
a much more extensive study if SARS makes a comeback. Health
Canada gave the green light to a larger, randomized study, but "by the
time it was approved, all the cases had disappeared because the
outbreak had ended," Ostrowski said.

The results of the Toronto study, led by Dr. Mona Loutfy, were
presented to a scientific conference in Chicago this week.

Although SARS has subsided worldwide, health experts say there is a
strong likelihood it will re-emerge - possibly within a few months.

Researchers and pharmaceutical companies are searching for better
ways to combat the virus that causes the illness.

An earlier study, by Hong Kong and German researchers, also found
that recombinant interferons - synthetic versions of naturally occurring
compounds in the immune system - could be helpful in treating SARS.
The study was published in the British-based journal The Lancet, in
July.

However, the Lancet study was on cells in a laboratory setting, while
the Canadian research - using a form of interferon called Infergen -
was conducted on patients.

Despite the promising experimental results, the best hope against SARS
still rests with good public-health procedures and proper
infection-control measures to prevent the disease from spreading in
health-care settings and the community.
 
The Knoxville News Sentinel Co. All Rights Reserved.

...................
*÷ºÎ 5

2003/09/13 15:43 ¼Û°í   
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yskwon@yna.co.kr

.....................................
*÷ºÎ 6

2003³â 5¿ù 2ÀÏ
http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/sars/docs/050203a.html
Scientists Study Chinese AIDS Patients Who Have Resisted SARS
Infection

Scientists are studying a group of several dozen Chinese AIDS patients
who appear to have resisted infection with the severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) virus, even though they were treated in the same
ward as SARS patients, Long Island Newsday reports.

At the peak of the SARS outbreak in Guangzhou, the southern Chinese
city in which the epidemic is thought to have started in November
2002, patients with the then unidentified "mystery" illness were treated
on the same hospital floor as AIDS patients. While SARS patients were
treated on the opposite side of the floor, doctors and nurses traveled
back and forth between the groups, treating both groups of patients.

Although some of the health care workers developed SARS, none of the
several dozen AIDS patients or any of their HIV-positive visitors
developed the disease. Dr. Cheng Feng of the China/UK HIV/AIDS
Project speculated that the antiretroviral drugs that are used to treat
HIV/AIDS could block SARS infection.

Dr. Yuen Kowk-yung of the University of Hong Kong and Dr. David
Ho of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center are exploring the
possibility that antiretroviral drugs could protect against SARS. A
Chinese AIDS advocate who asked to be identified only as Thomas said
that the relationship between the two diseases may be more
complicated. Most Chinese patients only have access to the cheapest
and least effective antiretroviral regimens. These antiretrovirals target a
chemical that is not present on the coronavirus that has been identified
as the cause of SARS, Thomas said, according to Newsday.

Weakened Immune System Provides Protection Against SARS?

Scientists have speculated that the SARS virus does not actually kill
human cells but provokes an overreaction in the immune system. The
immune system is thought to destroy cells in the lungs and other parts
of the body, causing acute pneumonia.

Because death due to SARS may be the result of an overactive immune
system response, scientists speculate that HIV patients' weakened
immune systems may put them at a lower risk of developing the
disease. The theory is supported by the fact that the most effective
treatment for SARS thus far is steroids -- drugs that stifle the
immune response (Garrett, Long Island Newsday, 4/30).

SARS Death Rate Is Rising

The SARS death rate from SARS is rising, with mainland China
accounting for more cases than the rest of the world. Worldwide there
are now more than 5,600 cases of SARS. 3,647 of the cases are in
China.

Mainland China announced 187 new SARS cases and 11 more deaths
on Thursday, the country's ministry of health said. China has now
reported 170 deaths. The head of the WHO's clinical network, Mark
Salter, says current death rates are at 6 percent, but could likely reach
10 percent.

The disease is still in its early stages, Salter said, and it was normal
for death rates to increase in such circumstances.

Millions of Chinese workers celebrated May Day on Thursday cooped
up at home as China tried to contain the deadly SARS virus by cutting
short the length of the MAY DAY holiday.

Visitors walk through an almost deserted Tiananmen Square in Beijing
on May Day, May 1, 2003. 

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wednesday added
Taiwan to its list of travel advisory countries, which includes mainland
China, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

Sources
L Garrett. Baffling Resistance to SARS Seeking clues in AIDS patients.
Newsday.com. April 30, 2003.
Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report. April 30, 2003.
................................