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FDA News
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
P03-36
May 5, 2003
Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242
Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA

FDA Approves New Type of Drug for Lung Cancer
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced the
approval of Iressa (gefitinib) tablets as a single agent treatment for
patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most
common form of lung cancer in the US. Iressa is being approved as a
treatment for patients whose cancer has continued to progress despite
treatment with platinum-based and docetaxel chemotherapy, two drugs
that are currently the standard of care in this disease.

Iressa was reviewed and approved under FDA's accelerated approval
program, which is intended to allow patients suffering from serious or
life-threatening diseases earlier access to promising new drugs. As
required by the accelerated approval regulations, Iressa's developer will
perform additional studies to verify the drug's clinical benefit.

"FDA believes it is crucial for cancer patients to have many safe and
effective treatment options available to them in their battle against this
disease" said FDA Commissioner Mark B. McClellan, M.D., Ph.D. "With
the approval of Iressa, thousands of patients with lung cancer will now
have access to an additional treatment after others haven't worked to
stop the progression of their disease."

The mechanism by which Iressa exerts its clinical benefit is not fully
understood. However, Iressa was developed to block growth stimulatory
signals in cancer cells. These signals are mediated in part by enzymes
called tyrosine kinases. Iressa blocks several of these tyrosine kinases,
including the one associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
(EGFR).

FDA based the approval on the results of a study of 216 patients with
NSCLC, including 142 patients with refractory disease, i.e., tumors
resistant or unresponsive to two prior treatments. The response rate
(defined as at least 50% tumor shrinkage lasting at least one month)
was about 10%. There were more dramatic responses in some patients
and the median duration of response was 7 months. On September 24,
2002, the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) recommended
that in third-line treatment of NSCLC, where there are no viable
treatment options, a 10% response rate was reasonably likely to predict
clinical benefit and recommended that Iressa be approved.

Results from two large, controlled, randomized trials in initial treatment
of NSCLC showed no benefit from adding Iressa to standard,
platinum-based chemotherapy. Therefore, Iressa is not indicated for use
in this setting.

There appeared to be substantial differences in response rates in
subsets of patients, with higher response rates for women (about 17%)
and patients with adenocarcinoma, and with lower response rates seen
in men (about 5%) and smokers.

The sponsor has agreed to conduct further studies after approval of
Iressa to measure its clinical benefit. One study will evaluate Iressa
treatment in patients with lung cancer resistant to two previous
chemotherapy regimens and will determine whether Iressa prolongs
survival compared to best supportive care. A second study will compare
treatment with Iressa to treatment with an approved chemotherapy drug
(docetaxel) in patients with lung cancer resistant to one previous
chemotherapy regimen. The third trial will evaluate whether Iressa will
decrease cancer symptoms in patients with lung cancer resistant to all
available chemotherapy.

"An essential part of our accelerated approval process is the further
study of the new treatment after it is on the market," said Dr.
McClellan. "In the case of Iressa, studies are needed to confirm clinical
benefit, understand better which patients benefit, and evaluate long-term
safety."

Common side effects reported with Iressa in clinical trials were nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, rash, acne, and dry skin. Iressa may cause fetal
harm when administered to pregnant women.

A significant safety concern associated with Iressa emerged just after
the ODAC meeting. Reports from Japan described the occurrence of
serious and sometimes fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients
treated with Iressa. The FDA extended its review of Iressa by three
months to review these reports. After careful review of information
from all sources, including a comprehensive analysis of updated toxicity
information from clinical trials and the Iressa expanded access program,
involving approximately 23,000 patients, FDA determined that the
incidence of ILD was approximately 2% in the Japanese experience and
approximately 0.3% in the United States expanded access program, with
about 1/3 of affected patients dying from this toxicity. FDA believes
that this rare but serious toxicity of Iressa does not outweigh the
benefits demonstrated in patients with advanced NCSLC.

FDA reviewed the application for Iressa utilizing the "rolling review"
procedures that are available to new drug applications designated as
"Fast Track." In rolling review, FDA starts reviewing components of a
drug approval application even before all the data have been submitted
to the agency. For Iressa, the first piece of rolling application was
submitted on July 30, 2001, and the last portion on August 5, 2002.

Cancer of the lung and bronchus is the second most common cancer
among both men and women and is the leading cause of cancer death
in both sexes in the Unites States. NSCLC is the most common type of
lung cancer, accounting for almost 80% of lung cancers.

The drug will be marketed by its manufacturer, AstraZeneca LP of
Wilmington, Del.

=============
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UPDATE 2-Japan links 13 deaths to AstraZeneca cancer drug
October 15, 2002 05:20 AM ET 
By Edmund Klamann and Ben Hirschler

TOKYO/LONDON, Oct 15 (Reuters) - Japan's Health Ministry said on
Tuesday it had received reports of 13 deaths among patients using
AstraZeneca Plc's AZN.L new lung-cancer drug Iressa and ordered
tougher side-effect warnings on the product.

Iressa is not being withdrawn from the market but officials have told
AstraZeneca, which launched the medicine in Japan in July, to issue
stronger warnings on the possibility that it may cause interstitial
pneumonia, a serious lung disease.

"We already knew these side-effects could occur and warnings had
already been included with the drug," a Ministry of Health, Labour and
Welfare official said.

"But after receiving this new information that there have already been
13 deaths in the three months since it was put on the market, we felt
the warnings were a bit insufficient."

Iressa is the first in a new class of "smart bomb" cancer drugs called
epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors that target proteins produced
only by cancer cells, so they do not cause the nausea and hair loss
associated with chemotherapy.

Japan was the first country to approve the cancer pill for the treatment
of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Regulators in the United States and Europe are currently evaluating the
medicine, one of a number of new products that AstraZeneca hopes will
revitalise its product pipeline in the next few years.

The London-based company said it did not expect the reports of
pneumonia to surprise either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or
other regulatory agencies.

"The FDA has received a number of safety updates from us. They
have been aware of this side effect," said spokeswoman Emily Denney.

She said the incidence rate was "very rare" at between 0.2 and 0.4
percent. More than 35,000 patients -- many very ill from their cancer
-- have received Iressa worldwide, some in Japan and some in
extensive clinical trials in Europe and the United States.

AstraZeneca said the incidence of pneumonia was not significantly
different from other marketed therapies, was well-flagged, and did not
affect its belief that Iressa was safe and effective.

"This is something that was originally in the label for Japan. The
incidence rate (of the side effect) has not changed significantly since
the clinical trial programme," Denney added.

SHARES STEADY

Shares in AstraZeneca, which surged 13 percent on Monday following a
surprise partial victory in a patent case over its ulcer drug Prilosec,
were 1.5 percent higher at 23.76 pounds by 0845 GMT, slightly
underperforming the sector. The DJ Stoxx European healthcare index
.SXDP was up 1.9 percent.

Industry analysts said the impact of the Iressa news was mitigated by
continued optimism about the company's prospects following the
Prilosec judgment, which means it will avoid full-scale generic
competition until 2007.

Furthermore, forecasts for Iressa sales had already been revised down
sharply following disappointing clinical trial results in August which
showed it did not help patients live longer when combined with
chemotherapy.

Analysts at UBS Warburg in London said the deaths in Japan were a
setback but the repercussions appeared limited.

"This news comes as something of a surprise. An FDA advisory
committee recently recommended the drug for approval despite its
questionable efficacy due to the fact that it has a very benign safety
profile," they wrote in a note.

Analysts had initially expected Iressa to be a $1 billion product, but its
failure in combination with chemotherapy -- which would have been its
biggest application -- caused numbers to be slashed.

UBS Warburg said it was sticking by its forecast of Iressa sales of
$400 million 2006, assuming final U.S. approval and launch in early
2003.

...................................
*Ãß°¡ ÷ºÎ ±â»ç

TOKYO, Dec 5 (Reuters) - Japan's Health Ministry said on Thursday
it has received reports of 81 deaths among cancer patients linked to use
of new lung cancer drug Iressa.

The drug is made by AstraZeneca Plc (London:AZN.L - News), which
is Europe's second-largest drug maker, and has so far only been used
in Japan, where it was released in July for treatment of non-small-cell
lung cancer.

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The death toll, as of November 25, compares with the ministry's
announcement in October of 13 deaths linked to Iressa.

The ministry said Iressa is not being withdrawn from the market but it
plans to have experts study the cases of patients who have died or
suffered side effects, and ask them to try to report back by the end of
this month.

"The drug has proven effective for some patients and the cases where
there have been side effects do not rule out its efficacy," said Tatsuo
Kurokawa, the ministry official who oversees safety of drugs.

AstraZeneca said in early November it could not rule out a link
between Iressa and interstitial pneumonia, a serious lung disease, but it
remained confident about Iressa's overall safety profile.

The ministry said it had been investigating the link between Iressa and
the side effects, but that it had not been able to reach a conclusion
since the drug is used by cancer patients who cannot be operated on or
whose cancer is recurring.

"We will continue to monitor the side effects of the new cancer drug
as well as continue to call for the proper usage of the drug by medical
institutions," Kurokawa said.

By November 25, the ministry had confirmed 291 cases of debilitating
side effects among patients using Iressa, who totalled 17,000.

STRONGER WARNINGS

It ordered AstraZeneca in October to issue stronger warnings on the
possibility that Iressa may cause interstitial pneumonia.

Iressa is the first in a new class of "smart bomb" cancer drugs called
epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors that target proteins produced
only by cancer cells, so they do not cause the nausea and hair loss
associated with chemotherapy.

Regulators in the United States and Europe are currently evaluating the
drug, one of a number of new products that AstraZeneca hopes will
revitalise its product pipeline in the next few years.

AstraZeneca's global product director, Linda Summerton, told an
analysts' meeting on November 7 that interstitial pneumonia was also
associated with other cancer treatments. AstraZeneca was checking
links between the condition and Iressa but the rare cases did not alter
confidence in the medicine, she said.
...................