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SBS '인간은 달에 가지 않았다' 프로그램   글쓴이 : kopsa     날짜 : 01-05-03 12:33     조회 : 9252     SBS '인간은 달에 가지 않았다' 프로그램 2001년 5월 5일 SBS 문성근의 다큐 세상「그것이 알고 싶다」에서 소위 Moon-Hoax를 다룬다고 합니다. 아래 SBS의 방송 예고와 이 주제에 대해 CSICOP에서 추천하는 "USA TODAY"에 실린 기사를 첨부합니다. 관심 있는 분 읽어보시기 바랍니다. 그리고 SBS 방송을 시청한 다음에 그 소감 을 "회원 정보/토론"에 올려 주시기 바랍니다. 2001년 5월 5일 오후 1시에 다른 기사 하나를 아래 추가했습니다. 그곳에 달 그림자 문제, 국기가 펄럭이는 문제에 대한 답이 나와 있습니다. 참고하십시오. 전부 영어 기사 그대로 옮겨 미안합니다.   .........................  *SBS 방송 예고    ▶ 방송 : 5월 5일(토) 밤 10:50~11:50 ▶ 연출 : 최태환 (제작본부 369-2848) <인간은 달에 가지 않았다>   ‘아폴로 11호의 달착륙은 조작되었다.’ 이른바 달착륙  조작설(MOON －HOAX). 사실 이 주장은 달착륙 이후 30여 년 간 꾸준히 제기되어왔던 것(1996년 갤럽 조사 : 미국인의 6% 이상이 달착륙 조작설 지지)으로 지난 3월 미국의 한 TV 다큐멘터리에서 이 문제를 다루면서 새롭게 부각되었 다. 국내에서도 인터넷을 통해 네티즌 사이에서 관심이 증폭되고 있다. 인 간이 달에 간 것은 사실인가, 혹은 조작된 것인가? 아니면 달착륙 조작설 이 한낱  음모론자들의 가설에 불과한 것인가? <달착륙 조작설>   미국 현지에서 만난 달착륙 조작론자들의 면면은 다양하다. NASA의 달 착륙 전면 조작, 즉 완벽한 시나리오를 바탕으로 한 사기극이라는 주장에 서부터 정치적인 이유로 달탐사 사진과 동영상이 조작되었다는 부분조작설 에 이르기까지. 하지만 공통적으로 그들이 제기하는 의혹의 근거는 먼저 당시 과학기술의 수준에 대한 의문에서 시작된다. ‘120도가 넘는 달표면 온도’, ‘치명적인 방사능의 밴 앨런 복사대’ 등은 당시 기술력으로 극 복할 수 없는 난관이었다는 것이다. 또 달탐사의 증거물로 내놓은 사진, 동 영상과 관련하여 논리적으로 설명되지 않는 부분인 ‘그림자의 방향과 길 이’, ‘탐사선의 이착륙시 있어야 할 분사 자국과 화염이 없다’ 등과, 조 작된 합성사진 의혹으로는 ‘동일한 배경을 가진 여러 장의 사진’, ‘실 제 달표면에서 찍었다고 보기에는 힘든 몇 장의 사진’ 등이다.     한편 NASA는 조작론자들의 주장을 일축한다. 지구와 다른 달의 물리적 환경을 고려하지 못한 억측에 불과하고 상업적인 이유에서 조작론이 만들 어졌다는 것이다. 취재팀은 미국현지의 달착륙 조작론자들, NASA 관계자와 우주과학자, 그 리고 국내 전문가들의 인터뷰와 과학적 검증을 통해 제기된 달착륙 조작설 에 대해 알아보고자 한다. (아래 글 계속 읽어보십시오) ...................................... * USA TODAY 기사(04/13/2001)   Faking a hoax By Michael Medved Though most criticism of today's TV programs focuses on the exploitation of sex and violence, the medium's single-most irresponsible excess actually involves the shameless promotion of public paranoia. Consider, for example, the appallingly popular Fox network show that recently attempted to convince people that America's moon landings never took place and that all evidence to the contrary stemmed from a massive, diabolical government hoax. Though it's easy to scoff at this preposterous premise, Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon? drew more than 15 million viewers to its two broadcasts (so far: FOX is hoping to repeat it this summer). Fox officials report that since the show aired Feb. 15 and March 21, they've fielded thousands of inquiries asking for transcripts or videotapes of the "documentary," while numerous callers to national talk-radio shows such as mine eagerly repeat the nonsensical allegations they watched on television. As the show itself proudly proclaimed (without ever disclosing a source for the announcement): "It has been estimated that as many as 20% of Americans believe we never went to the moon." According to Fox and its respectfully interviewed "experts" ? a constellation of ludicrously marginal and utterly uncredentialed "investigative journalists" ? the United States grew so eager to defeat the Soviets in the intensely competitive 1960s space race that it faked all six Apollo missions that purportedly landed on the moon. Instead of exploring the lunar surface, the American astronauts only tromped around a crude movie set that was created by the plotters in the legendary Area 51 of the Nevada desert. Rather than allow representatives of NASA to provide easy answers to the silly but specific questions the program chose to raise (Why did the American flag appear to wave in the breeze when there's no wind on the moon? Why were there no blast craters beneath the landing craft for any of the six moon voyages?), Fox only showed government scientists giving an impatient, generalized dismissal to the whole inane suggestion. Meanwhile, the producers made no references to the obvious, intractable objections to their theory. If, for instance, the moon missions amounted to an obvious fake meant to embarrass the Russians, then why didn't the Soviets say something about it? Surely, their close monitoring of their American rivals would have revealed that the Apollo flights never actually left Earth's orbit. Meanwhile, if the entire point of the Apollo program was to show off the triumph of American technology, then why would NASA stage the disastrous Apollo 13 mission, which never made it to its lunar destination and in which three brave astronauts very nearly died? The Fox show also fails even to mention the moon rocks that the astronauts brought back for analysis ? about 841 pounds of them. Scientists from scores of nations around the world have analyzed these geologic samples and never questioned their origins from outside the Earth. Instead of dealing with such inevitable obstacles to its sweeping conclusions about governmental fraud, the moon-hoax TV show accuses the leaders of the space program of mass murder. According to the Fox producers, as many as 15 astronauts and scientists may have been killed in order to prevent them from revealing the truth about the phony moon voyages. The show unequivocally suggests that the horrible launchpad fire that claimed the lives of astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chafee in January 1967 was deliberately orchestrated to protect embarrassing secrets. "Were Gus Grissom and the Apollo One astronauts victims of a tragic accident," the narrator portentously intones, "or were they intentionally silenced because they knew too much? We may never know." We do know, however, that the notion that the United States is so corrupt that it would burn up its heroic astronauts in the interests of public relations feeds the worst sort of extremist insanity. No wonder nearly half of all eligible American adults never bothered to vote in the last election. If giant conspiracies merely manipulate our view of reality, what difference does it make? According to public opinion polls, a majority of Americans believe that government agencies played some role in the murder of President Kennedy ? an assumption Oliver Stone powerfully advanced in his profitable but shameful motion picture, JFK. Millions of others assume a massive UFO coverup, or a deliberate plot to murder the Branch Davidians at Waco, or a devious effort to blame the "innocent" Timothy McVeigh for the government's own bombing of the federal building at Oklahoma City. Others claim that the crack-cocaine epidemic, or even the AIDS virus, originated as CIA plots to subjugate the African-American community. So far, Fox hasn't rushed forward to exploit the suggestion by other conspiracy theorists that the Holocaust of European Jewry is merely an elaborate hoax to increase Zionist influence. But based on its disregard of all standards of journalistic integrity or corporate responsibility in its coverage of the "moon landing fraud," why rule out such programming prospects for the future? In the past, conspiracy theories flourished in the United States at times of hardship and conflict. An anti-Masonic movement, blaming all of the world's problems on Freemasonry, erupted during the economic dislocations of the 1830s and spawned its own powerful political party, while abolitionists theorized about the machinations of "The Slave Power" in the run-up to the War Between the States. Severe depressions in the 1890s and 1930s gave rise to further fears about gigantic, devious plots for world domination. The past few years, however, have witnessed a period of extraordinary prosperity and relative peace ? offering little basis for the dark fantasies that seem to afflict huge portions of the public. Inevitably, feverish manipulation by the mass media, rather than sociological circumstance, should shoulder the blame for the profound paranoia of the present ? and the corresponding sense of helplessness and alienation. Networks such as Fox (home of The X-Files and The Lone Gunmen, among other distinguished shows) obliterate all distinctions between a major broadcast organization and a supermarket tabloid. The pathetic program on the moon landings may represent one small step for its puerile producers, but it was a giant leap into the sewer for the rest of mankind. Film critic Michael Medved, a member of USA TODAY's board of contributors, and author of The Shadow Presidents, hosts a nationally syndicated daily radio talk show. ⓒ Copyright 2001 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Co. Inc. ...............................................  (2001/05/05 오후 1시 추가) Washington dispatch Conspiracy theory turns to moonshine Fuelled by a willing media, America's thirst for paranoiac conjecture is reaching new heights of lunacy, according to Julian Borger Julian Borger Guardian Unlimited Tuesday April 10, 2001 The United States was born out of a profound distrust of government. The founding fathers had had a belly full of monarchs and their self-proclaimed divine right to rule. That fundamental suspicion underlies the modern nation like a geological fault, which breaks to the surface intermittently and unpredictably as a reminder of the country's uneasy relationship with federal power. The remnants of distrust are everywhere - the legislative gridlock that is all but assured by the checks and balances built into the political system; the jealousy with which many Americans hoard their weapons, lest they be intimidated by Washington's armed legions. Then there are the rural militias training in the hills for the day when they have to confront the United Nations and its supposed plot to establish a single world government. The suspicion does not run wide - these fears are shared by a small if significant minority - but it does run deep. And nowhere is it more apparent than in the corrosive paranoia of conspiracy theories that spring up through every crack in normal life. There are of course the persistent conspiracy theories surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy and the belief that the US government has been consorting with aliens, whose spacecraft are parked in the mysterious Area 51 near Roswell, Nevada. The UFO conspiracy theory has been fed and watered by the X-Files series on television, in which two FBI agents struggle ceaselessly to unveil the Byzantine plot woven around them. Now the same channel on which the show appears, Rupert Murdoch's Fox network, has dusted off a paranoid fantasy which is even more bizarre. It has just aired a portentous, documentary-style programme with the chilling title: "Conspiracy theory: Did we land on the moon?" Yes, many people in this country believe that Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and all the rest walked, not on the moon, but on a huge artificially-lit studio somewhere in Nevada. This suspicious minority amounts to 20% of the population, according to the programme, which gave the convoluted theory a full and reverent hearing. Those watching at home with gaping mouths were told how the Nasa hoax could be unmasked with a simple magnifying glass. The pictures taken on the "moon" showed light coming from different angles. Some details, apparently in deep shadow, were mysteriously illuminated. Some of the crosshairs on the famous moon photograph seemed to be behind objects in the foreground. The American flag appeared to flutter, despite the absence of air. The US, we were told, realised it could not keep up with the Soviets in the space race, so Nasa simply faked it. At best, the astronauts simply orbited the earth a few times and came back. At worst, they never left the earth and instead headed straight to the Nevada studio. The embattled Nasa spokesman who was asked to rebut the claims on air was left groping for words. "Claptrap" was his final verdict. Subsequent demolitions of the Fox evidence appeared on Nasa's site and other serious astronomical websites. To begin with, there is more than one light source on the moon. Light is reflected by the earth and from the moon's own pale surface. It can illuminate objects, even those apparently in deep shadow, from different directions. Moreover, on rudimentary black and white film, the light from very bright objects can bleed over and erase fine lines in the foreground, like crosshairs. And flags can flutter in a vacuum, especially when the flagpole is being handled by an astronaut. Such mundane explanations do not seem to have the same penetrating power as conspiracy theories. A cursory check of a popular internet chatroom, where television output is constantly discussed, suggested that paranoia was fast taking the upper hand. One chatter calling himself "seeker" (presumably after truth) expressed a widely shared sentiment when he said: "I WANT TO BELIEVE that we've been to the moon and that Nasa has been completely up front with us on the subject. But if Nasa lied about something as big as the moon landings, who knows where the lies end and the truth begins." That is precisely the question posed by Bill Kaysing, the "star" witness in the Fox expose and author of the topic's definitive work, We Never Went to the Moon. "This whole moon business goes much further than Nasa, he said. In fact: "Nasa and the CIA and the whole US government is a rotten and corrupt organisation, designed just to get all the tax money they can out of people, to manipulate their minds, to keep them amused with sporting events and silly TV sitcoms." Not to mention quasi-documentaries broadcast by Rupert Murdoch, friend of governments around the world. The plot, as they say, thickens. Email julian.borger@guardian.co.uk ................................