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......................................
Tuesday July 10 5:36 PM ET
Herbal Medicines Pose Risk During Surgery: Report
By Keith Mulvihill

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Taking herbal medications and having
surgery may be a risky combination that can lead to excessive
bleeding, heart instability or a reduction in blood sugar levels.

In the latest report on the topic, physicians from the University of
Chicago warn of the risks herbal medications may pose to those about
to go under the knife. Their report is in the July 11th issue of The
Journal of the American Medical Association (news - web sites).

``Herbal medications have measurable, and sometimes potent,
pharmacologic effects. While many of these effects are of little concern
to the average person on the street, these effects can present a
significant problem during surgery,'' said lead author Dr. Michael K.
Ang-Lee in an interview with Reuters Health.

``It is not our intention to scare the public...but it is important that
patients talk to their doctors about their use of herbal medications
before surgery,'' he added.

In their report, Ang-Lee along with colleagues Drs. Jonathan Moss and
Chun-Su Yuan looked at published studies, case reports and reviews on
the potential effects of eight of the most commonly used herbal
medications: echinacea, ephedra (also known as ma huang), garlic,
ginkgo, ginseng, kava, St. John's wort, and valerian.

``Direct effects include bleeding from garlic, ginkgo and ginseng;
cardiovascular instability from ephedra; and hypoglycemia low blood
sugar from ginseng,'' the study indicates.

Additionally, the author's report that drug-herb interactions may result
between anesthesia and valerian or kava. These herbs, often used as
sleep aids, may potentially increase the sedative effects of anesthesia,
they note.

``In reviewing the literature, a couple of things surprised me the most:
the high percentage of patients having surgery that use herbal
medications, almost one third, and the fact that many of patients do not
tell their doctors that they use herbal medications--50% to 70%,''
Ang-Lee told Reuters Health.

``Patients should consider it important to mention it if they use herbal
medications and should not be embarrassed to admit to their physicians
that they use 'unconventional' medical therapies,'' he added.

It is also important for the public to be aware that physicians are
becoming much more educated about the use of alternative therapies,
points out Ang-Lee.

One of the major problems that face physicians taking care of patients
having surgery is the question of what to do once they find out a
patient is taking herbal medications, notes Ang-Less.

Some professional organizations such as the American Society of
Anesthesiologists have suggested that patients stop taking herbal
medications 2-3 weeks before surgery, but a patient may not see an
anesthesiologist until just before the procedure.

``In the real world, we often see patients the day of surgery or at best,
1-2 days before surgery,'' he said. Therefore patients should discuss
the subject with their doctor as far in advance of surgery as possible.
Doctors are becoming increasingly savvy regarding the herbal remedies
their patients might be taking, and can help patients determine when
they should stop taking a supplement, Ang-Lee said.

``I think that we are starting to see the medical community getting
more sophisticated about herbal medications and are beginning to tailor
recommendations depending on the specific herbal medication being
used, the patients coexisting medical condition and the type of
surgery,'' he said.

And Ang-Lee said that it is important to note that it may not be the
best idea to stop some herbal medications abruptly.

``For example, we found that valerian could be associated with
withdrawal if it is stopped abruptly in someone who has been taking it
for a long time,'' he said.

SOURCE: The Journal of the American Medical Association
2001;286:208-216.
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